U.S. One-Cent Coins
(1856 - 2025)
U.S. One-Cent coinage has been a cornerstone of American commerce since the nation’s earliest years, first issued in 1793. The cent has undergone numerous design, size, and composition changes, reflecting evolving economic conditions, metal availability, and artistic trends. From early large copper cents to today’s small Lincoln cents, the one-cent piece tells a continuous story of American history, making it one of the most collected and studied denominations in U.S. numismatics.
Check out every series of U.S. One-Cent Coins below, complete with dates & mintages for each.
Flying Eagle Cent
(1856 - 1857)
The Flying Eagle Cent was introduced in 1856 as the first small-sized cent issued by the United States Mint, replacing the long-running large cent. Designed by James B. Longacre, the obverse features a soaring eagle, while the reverse displays a simple wreath encircling the denomination. Although officially produced from 1856 through 1858, the 1856 issue was struck in limited numbers as a pattern and is considered the key rarity of the series. The short-lived type faced striking difficulties due to its copper-nickel composition, leading to its replacement by the Indian Head Cent in 1859. Despite its brief production run, the Flying Eagle Cent remains a highly popular and historically important transitional design.
-
Business Strikes
1856 | 3,000
1857 | 17,450,000
1858 | 24,600,000
1856 Proof | 1,500
Proof Strikes
1857 Proof | 100
1858 Proof Large Letters | 100
1858 Proof Small Letters | 200
Indian Head Cent
(1859 - 1909)
The Indian Head Cent was introduced in 1859, replacing the short-lived Flying Eagle design. Created by James B. Longacre, the obverse features Liberty wearing a Native American–style headdress, while the reverse initially displayed a simple laurel wreath. In 1860, the reverse was modified to an oak wreath with a small shield at the top, creating an early subtype within the series.
A significant composition change occurred during its run. From 1859 through 1864, Indian Head cents were struck in a copper-nickel alloy (often called “white cents”) composed of 88% copper and 12% nickel, giving them a pale appearance and making them difficult to strike fully. Beginning in mid-1864, the Mint transitioned to a bronze composition of 95% copper with 5% tin and zinc, resulting in a darker color and improved striking quality. This bronze composition continued through the end of the series in 1909.
Collectors closely follow both design and composition subtypes, particularly the scarce 1877 key date and the 1908-S and 1909-S issues from the San Francisco Mint. With its long production span and mid-series alloy change, the Indian Head Cent remains one of the most studied and collected classic U.S. coin series.
-
Type 1, No Shield
1859 | 36,400,000
Type 2, Copper-Nickel
1860 | 20,566,000
1861 | 10,100,000
1862 | 28,075,000
1863 | 49,840,000
1864 (Copper) | 13,740,000
Type 3, Bronze
1864 (Bronze) | 39,233,714
1865 | 35,429,286
1866 | 9,826,500
1867 | 9,821,000
1868 | 10,266,500
1869 | 6,420,000
1870 | 5,275,000
1871 | 3,929,500
1872 | 4,042,000
1873 | 11,676,500
1874 | 14,187,500
1875 | 13,528,000
1876 | 7,944,000
1877 | 852,500
1878 | 5,799,850
1879 | 16,231,200
1880 | 38,964,955
1881 | 39,211,575
1882 | 38,581,100
1883 | 45,589,109
1884 | 23,261,742
1885 | 11,765,384
1886 | 17,654,290
1887 | 45,226,483
1888 | 37,494,414
1889 | 48,869,361
1890 | 57,182,854
1891 | 47,072,350
1892 | 37,649,832
1893 | 46,642,195
1894 | 16,752,132
1895 | 38,343,636
1896 | 39,057,293
1897 | 50,466,330
1898 | 49,823,079
1899 | 53,600,031
1900 | 66,833,794
1901 | 79,611,143
1902 | 87,376,722
1903 | 85,094,493
1904 | 61,328,015
1905 | 80,719,163
1906 | 96,022,255
1907 | 108,138,618
1908 | 32,327,987
1908-S | 1,115,000
1909 | 14,370,645
1909-S | 309,000
-
Type 1, No Shield
1859 Proof | 800
Type 2, Copper-Nickel
1860 Proof | 1,000
1861 Proof | 1,000
1862 Proof | 2,000
1863 Proof | 1,000
1864 Proof (Copper) | 1,000
Type 3, Bronze
1864 Proof No L (Bronze) | 150
1864 Proof With L (Bronze) | 20
1865 Proof | 1,000
1866 Proof | 1,000
1867 Proof | 1,000
1868 Proof | 1,000
1869 Proof | 1,000
1870 Proof | 1,000
1871 Proof | 960
1872 Proof | 1,100
1873 Proof Close 3 | 2,000
1874 Proof | 1,200
1875 Proof | 1,250
1876 Proof | 2,000
1877 Proof | 1,500
1878 Proof | 2,350
1879 Proof | 3,200
1880 Proof | 3,955
1881 Proof | 3,575
1882 Proof | 3,100
1883 Proof | 6,609
1884 Proof | 3,942
1885 Proof | 3,790
1886 Proof | 4,290
1887 Proof | 2,960
1888 Proof | 4,582
1889 Proof | 3,336
1890 Proof | 2,740
1891 Proof | 2,350
1892 Proof | 2,745
1893 Proof | 2,195
1894 Proof | 2,632
1895 Proof | 2,062
1896 Proof | 1,862
1897 Proof | 1,938
1898 Proof | 1,795
1899 Proof | 2,031
1900 Proof | 2,262
1901 Proof | 1,985
1902 Proof | 2,018
1903 Proof | 1,790
1904 Proof | 1,817
1905 Proof | 2,152
1906 Proof | 1,725
1907 Proof | 1,475
1908 Proof | 1,620
1909 Proof | 2,175
Lincoln Wheat Cent
(1909 - 1958)
The Lincoln Wheat Cent was introduced in 1909 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, becoming the first U.S. circulating coin to feature a real historical figure. Designed by Victor David Brenner, the obverse displays Lincoln’s portrait, while the reverse features two wheat ears framing the denomination, giving the series its popular nickname.
The series was struck from 1909 through 1958 and saw several important composition changes. From 1909 through 1942, the cents were made primarily of 95% copper with small amounts of tin and zinc. In 1943, due to wartime copper shortages during World War II, the Mint produced cents from zinc-coated steel, creating the distinctive “steel cents.” The following year, in 1944, production returned to a copper-based alloy—largely sourced from recycled shell casings—and from 1944 through 1958 the composition remained 95% copper with 5% zinc (tin was removed from the alloy).
Collectors pay close attention to key dates and transitional errors, including the 1909-S VDB, 1914-D, 1922 “No D,” and the famous 1943 bronze and 1944 steel off-metal strikes. With its historic debut, wartime steel composition, and numerous collectible varieties, the Lincoln Wheat Cent remains one of the most widely collected coin series in American numismatics.
-
1909 | 72,702,618
1909 VDB | 27,995,000
1909-S | 1,825,000
1909-S VDB | 484,000
1910 | 146,801,218
1910-S | 6,045,000
1911 | 101,177,787
1911-D | 12,672,000
1911-S | 4,026,000
1912 | 68,153,060
1912-D | 10,411,000
1912-S | 4,431,000
1913 | 76,532,352
1913-D | 15,804,000
1913-S | 6,101,000
1914 | 75,238,432
1914-D | 1,193,000
1914-S | 4,137,000
1915 | 29,092,120
1915-D | 22,050,000
1915-S | 4,833,000
1916 | 131,833,677
1916-D | 35,956,000
1916-S | 22,510,000
1917 | 196,429,785
1917-D | 55,120,000
1917-S | 32,620,000
1918-D | 47,830,000
1918-S | 34,680,000
1919 | 392,021,000
1919-D | 57,154,000
1919-S | 139,760,000
1920 | 310,165,000
1920-D | 49,280,000
1920-S | 46,220,000
1921 | 39,157,000
1921-S | 15,274,000
1922-D | 7,160,000
1923 | 74,723,000
1923-S | 8,700,000
1924 | 75,178,000
1924-D | 2,520,000
1924-S | 11,696,000
1925 | 139,949,000
1925-D | 22,580,000
1925-S | 26,380,000
1926 | 157,088,000
1926-D | 28,020,000
1926-S | 4,550,000
1927 | 144,440,000
1927-D | 27,170,000
1927-S | 14,276,000
1928 | 134,116,000
1928-D | 31,170,000
1928-S | 17,266,000
1929 | 185,262,000
1929-D | 41,730,000
1929-S | 50,148,000
1930 | 157,415,000
1930-D | 40,100,000
1930-S | 24,286,000
1931 | 19,396,000
1931-D | 4,480,000
1931-S | 866,000
1932 | 9,062,000
1932-D | 10,500,000
1933 | 14,360,000
1933-D | 6,200,000
1934 | 219,080,000
1934-D | 28,446,000
1935 | 245,388,000
1935-D | 47,000,000
1935-S | 38,702,000
1936 | 309,632,000
1936-D | 40,620,000
1936-S | 29,130,000
1937 | 309,170,000
1937-D | 50,430,000
1937-S | 34,500,000
1938 | 156,682,000
1938-D | 20,010,000
1938-S | 15,180,000
1939 | 316,466,000
1939-D | 15,160,000
1939-S | 52,070,000
1940 | 586,810,000
1940-D | 81,390,000
1940-S | 112,940,000
1941 | 887,018,000
1941-D | 128,700,000
1941-S | 92,360,000
1942 | 657,796,000
1942-D | 206,698,000
1942-S | 85,590,000
1943 (Steel) | 684,628,670
1943-D (Steel) | 217,660,000
1943-S (Steel) | 191,550,000
1944 | 1,435,400,000
1944-D | 430,578,000
1944-S | 282,760,000
1945 | 1,040,515,000
1945-D | 266,268,000
1945-S | 181,770,000
1946 | 991,655,000
1946-D | 315,690,000
1946-S | 198,100,000
1947 | 190,555,000
1947-D | 194,750,000
1947-S | 99,000,000
1948 | 317,570,000
1948-D | 172,637,500
1948-S | 81,735,000
1949 | 217,775,000
1949-D | 153,132,500
1949-S | 64,290,000
1950 | 272,635,000
1950-D | 334,950,000
1950-S | 118,505,000
1951 | 284,576,000
1951-D | 625,355,000
1951-S | 136,010,000
1952 | 186,775,000
1952-D | 746,130,000
1952-S | 137,800,004
1953 | 256,755,000
1953-D | 700,515,000
1953-S | 181,835,000
1954 | 71,640,050
1954-D | 251,552,500
1954-S | 96,190,000
1955 | 330,958,200
1955-D | 563,257,500
1955-S | 44,610,000
1956 | 420,745,000
1956-D | 1,098,201,100
1957 | 282,540,000
1957-D | 1,051,342,000
1958 | 252,525,000
1958-D | 800,953,300
-
1909 Proof | 2,618
1909-S Proof VDB | 1,194
1910 Proof | 4,083
1911 Proof | 1,725
1912 Proof | 2,172
1913 Proof | 2,983
1914 Proof | 1,365
1915 Proof | 1,150
1916 Proof | 1,050
1936 Proof | 5,569
1937 Proof | 9,320
1938 Proof | 14,734
1939 Proof | 13,520
1940 Proof | 15,872
1941 Proof | 21,100
1942 Proof | 32,600
1950 Proof | 51,386
1951 Proof | 57,500
1952 Proof | 81,980
1953 Proof | 128,800
1954 Proof | 233,300
1955 Proof | 378,200
1956 Proof | 669,384
1957 Proof | 1,247,952
1958 Proof | 875,652
Lincoln Memorial Cent
(1959 - 2008)
The Lincoln Memorial Cent was introduced in 1959 to mark the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth, replacing the Wheat reverse with a depiction of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. Designed by Frank Gasparro, the new reverse notably included a small image of the Lincoln statue within the Memorial — making it the first U.S. circulating coin to feature the same individual on both sides.
The series was struck from 1959 through 2008 and experienced a significant composition change. From 1959 through 1982, cents were produced in the traditional bronze alloy of 95% copper with 5% tin and zinc (tin was later removed, leaving copper and zinc). In mid-1982, rising copper prices led the Mint to transition to a copper-plated zinc composition consisting of 97.5% zinc with a thin outer layer of copper (2.5%). Because both compositions were produced in 1982, that year includes multiple collectible varieties based on metal type and date size.
While generally considered a modern series, Lincoln Memorial cents include notable varieties such as the 1969-S Doubled Die Obverse, 1972 Doubled Die Obverse, 1983 Doubled Die Reverse, and 1992 Close AM. The long production span, alloy transition, and wide availability make this series an accessible yet surprisingly complex area for collectors.
-
Type 1, Copper
1959 | 609,715,000
1959-D | 1,279,760,000
1960 | 586,405,000
1960-D | 1,580,884,000
1961 | 753,345,000
1961-D | 1,753,266,700
1962 | 606,045,000
1962-D | 1,793,148,140
1963 | 754,110,000
1963-D | 1,774,020,400
1964 | 2,648,575,000
1964-D | 3,799,071,500
1965 | 1,497,224,900
1966 | 2,188,147,783
1967 | 3,048,667,100
1968 | 1,707,880,970
1968-D | 2,886,269,600
1968-S | 258,270,001
1969 | 1,136,910,000
1969-D | 4,002,832,200
1969-S | 547,309,631
1970 | 1,898,315,000
1970-D | 2,891,438,900
1970-S | 693,192,814
1971 | 1,919,490,000
1971-D | 2,911,045,600
1971-S | 525,133,459
1972 | 2,933,255,000
1972-D | 2,665,071,400
1972-S | 376,939,108
1973 | 3,728,245,000
1973-D | 3,549,576,588
1973-S | 317,177,295
1974 | 4,232,140,523
1974-D | 4,235,098,000
1974-S | 409,426,660
1975 | 5,451,476,142
1975-D | 4,505,275,300
1976 | 4,674,292,426
1976-D | 4,221,592,455
1977 | 4,469,930,000
1977-D | 4,194,062,300
1978 | 5,558,605,000
1978-D | 4,280,233,400
1979 | 6,018,515,000
1979-D | 4,139,357,254
1980 | 7,414,705,000
1980-D | 5,140,098,660
1981 | 7,491,750,000
1981-D | 5,373,235,677
1982 | 10,712,525,000
1982-D | 6,012,979,368
1982 Small Date | 10,712,525,000
Type 2, Zinc
1982 Large Date | 4,063,083
1982 Small Date | 10,712,525,000
1982-D Large Date | 6,012,979,368
1982-D Small Date | 6,012,979,368
1983 | 7,752,355,000
1983-D | 6,467,199,428
1984 | 8,151,079,000
1984-D | 5,569,238,906
1985 | 5,648,489,887
1985-D | 5,287,399,926
1986 | 4,491,395,493
1986-D | 4,442,866,698
1987 | 4,682,466,931
1987-D | 4,879,389,514
1988 | 6,092,810,000
1988-D | 5,253,740,443
1989 | 7,261,535,000
1989-D | 5,345,467,111
1990 | 6,851,765,000
1990-D | 4,922,894,533
1991 | 5,165,940,000
1991-D | 4,158,442,076
1992 | 4,648,905,000
1992-D | 4,448,673,300
1993 | 5,684,705,000
1993-D | 6,426,650,571
1994 | 6,500,850,000
1994-D | 7,131,765,000
1995 | 6,411,400,000
1995-D | 7,128,560,000
1996 | 6,612,465,000
1996-D | 6,510,795,000
1997 | 4,622,800,000
1997-D | 4,576,555,000
1998 | 5,032,155,000
1998-D | 5,225,353,500
1999 | 5,237,600,000
1999-D | 6,360,065,000
2000 | 5,503,200,000
2000-D | 8,774,220,000
2001 | 4,959,600,000
2001-D | 5,374,990,000
2002 | 3,260,800,000
2002-D | 4,028,055,000
2003 | 3,300,000,000
2003-D | 3,548,000,000
2004 | 3,379,600,000
2004-D | 3,456,400,000
2005 | 3,935,600,000
2005-D | 3,764,450,000
2006 | 4,290,000,000
2006-D | 3,944,000,000
2007 | 3,763,400,000
2007-D | 3,638,800,000
2008 | 2,596,000,000
2008-D | 2,849,600,000
-
Type 1, Copper
1959 Proof | 1,149,291
1960 Proof | 1,691,602
1961 Proof | 3,028,244
1962 Proof | 3,218,019
1963 Proof | 3,075,645
1964 Proof | 3,950,762
1968-S Proof | 3,041,506
1969-S Proof | 2,934,631
1970-S Proof | 2,632,810
1971-S Proof | 3,220,733
1972-S Proof | 3,260,996
1973-S Proof | 2,760,339
1974-S Proof | 2,612,568
1975-S Proof | 2,845,450
1976-S Proof | 4,149,730
1977-S Proof | 3,251,152
1978-S Proof | 3,127,781
1979-S Proof | 3,677,175
1980-S Proof | 3,554,806
1981-S Proof | 4,063,083
1982-S Proof | 3,857,479
Type 2, Zinc
1983-S Proof | 3,279,126
1984-S Proof | 3,065,110
1985-S Proof | 3,362,821
1986-S Proof | 3,010,497
1987-S Proof | 4,227,728
1988-S Proof | 3,262,948
1989-S Proof | 3,220,194
1990-S Proof | 3,299,559
1991-S Proof | 2,867,787
1992-S Proof | 4,176,560
1993-S Proof | 3,394,792
1994-S Proof | 3,269,923
1995-S Proof | 2,797,481
1996-S Proof | 2,525,265
1997-S Proof | 2,796,678
1998-S Proof | 2,085,507
1999-S Proof | 3,347,966
2000-S Proof | 4,047,993
2002-S Proof | 3,211,995
2003-S Proof | 3,298,439
2004-S Proof | 2,965,422
2005-S Proof | 3,344,679
2006-S Proof | 3,054,436
2007-S Proof | 2,577,166
2008-S Proof | 2,169,561
Lincoln Bicentennial Cent
(2009)
In 2009, the United States Mint issued four special reverse designs to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. These Bicentennial cents retained Victor David Brenner’s original obverse portrait while introducing four rotating reverse designs representing different stages of Lincoln’s life: his Kentucky birthplace, formative years in Indiana, professional life in Illinois, and presidency in Washington, D.C.
All 2009 cents struck for circulation were produced in the modern copper-plated zinc composition (97.5% zinc with 2.5% copper plating). However, special collector versions were also issued in a 95% copper alloy, matching the original 1909 composition, and were sold in Mint sets. This return to a high-copper composition made the collector strikes especially appealing to enthusiasts.
Because of the four unique reverse designs and dual compositions, the 2009 issues created a short but highly collectible transitional year within the Lincoln cent series.
Obverse
Early Childhood
Formative Years
Professional Life
Presidency-
2009 Birth and Early Childhood | 284,400,000
2009-D Birth and Early Childhood | 350,400,000
2009 Formative Years | 376,000,000
2009-D Formative Years | 363,600,000
2009 Professional Life | 316,000,000
2009-D Professional Life | 336,000,000
2009 Presidency | 129,600,000
2009-D Presidency | 198,000,000
-
Proof Finish
2009-S Proof Birth and Early Childhood | 2,995,615
2009-S Proof Formative Years | 2,995,615
2009-S Proof Professional Life | 2,995,615
2009-S Proof Presidency | 2,995,615
Satin Finish
2009 Birth and Early Childhood Satin Finish | 784,614
2009-D Birth and Early Childhood Satin Finish | 784,614
2009 Formative Years Satin Finish | 784,614
2009-D Formative Years Satin Finish | 784,614
2009 Professional Life Satin Finish | 784,614
2009-D Professional Life Satin Finish | 784,614
2009 Presidency Satin Finish | 784,614
2009-D Presidency Satin Finish | 784,614
Lincoln Shield Cent
(2010 - 2025)
Beginning in 2010, the Lincoln Shield Cent became the permanent reverse design following the Bicentennial year. The reverse, designed by Lyndall Bass and sculpted by Joseph Menna, features a Union shield with a banner bearing the denomination, symbolizing Lincoln’s preservation of the United States during the Civil War.
Since its introduction, the series has been struck in the modern copper-plated zinc composition (97.5% zinc core with 2.5% copper plating). While no major composition changes have occurred during this period, collectors often seek out doubled dies, die chips, and other modern varieties.
As the current circulating cent design, the Lincoln Shield series represents the continuation of the longest-running coin portrait in U.S. history, maintaining Lincoln’s presence on the one-cent piece since 1909.
-
2010-P | 1,963,630,000
2010-D | 2,407,200,000
2011-P | 2,402,400,000
2011-D | 2,536,140,000
2012-P | 3,132,000,000
2012-D | 2,883,200,000
2013-P | 3,750,400,000
2013-D | 3,319,600,000
2014-P | 3,990,800,000
2014-D | 4,155,600,000
2015-P | 4,464,100,000
2015-D | 4,424,800,000
2016-P | 4,698,400,000
2016-D | 4,420,400,000
2017-P | 4,361,220,000
2017-D | 4,272,800,000
2018-P | 4,066,800,000
2018-D | 3,738,400,000
2019-P | 3,542,800,000
2019-D | 3,497,600,000
2020-P | 3,560,800,000
2020-D | 4,035,600,000
2021-P | 3,925,820,000
2021-D | 3,982,800,000
2022-P | 3,129,200,000
2022-D | 3,230,400,000
2023 | TBD
2023-D | TBD
2024 | TBD
2024-D | TBD
2025 | TBD
2025-D | TBD
-
2010-S Proof | 1,741,000
2011-S Proof | 1,419,000
2012-S Proof | 1,334,000
2013-S Proof | 1,117,000
2014-S Proof | 1,094,000
2015-S Proof | 1,052,000
2016-S Proof | 1,002,000
2017-S Proof | 916,000
2018-S Proof | 868,000
2019-S Proof | 605,000
2020-S Proof | 470,000
2021-S Proof | 511,000
2022-S Proof | 534,000
2023-S Proof | 452,000
2024-S Proof | 465,000
2025-S Proof | TBD
If You Collect One-Cent Coins, Check Out The ‘Pre '99 Major Circulation Designs’ Type Set!
‘Coin Collecting Tools’ is Going Mobile
StackHub is an excellent tool for coin collectors & precious metals enthusiasts of all levels. Your app subscription will come complete with:
100+ prebuilt collection checklists to choose from
Collect graded or ungraded coins, your choice
Upload images of your own set to take on the go
Precious Metals stack tracking
Every coin collecting guide at your fingertips
Compatible with mobile & desktop
Click HERE to learn more*During checkout, please use the email address that you’d like associated with your StackHub account. You will receive an invitation to that email address directly from the platform when your account is ready. Account creation may take up to 12 hours from the time of checkout*
How to Find Valuable Banknotes - A Beginner’s Guide to Bank-Strap Hunting
Click here for the full guide
Coin Roll Hunting: What It Is and How to Start
Coin roll hunting is the modern-day treasure hunt for collectors. Learn what it is, how to start, and the best tips for finding silver and rare coins in rolls.
Read MoreThis site and all of its content was built by collectors for collectors. Join thousands who already trust CoinCollectingTools.com for reliable & accurate information, expert tips, and a connected community on social media. Follow us on YouTube & TikTok @CentsMakeDollars to make sure you never miss a new online resource designed to sharpen your knowledge and collecting strategies.